ANALYSIS OF THE CROWD MANAGEMENT AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT DURING HAJJ PILGRIMAGE ON MAKKAH

Authors

  • Sadeq Kadi Department of Urban and Engineering Research, The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY
  • Alias Abdullah Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA MALAYSIA
  • Syahriah Bachok Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA MALAYSIA
  • Ziad Baydoun Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, UNIVERSITI MALAYA, MALAYSIA
  • Abdelaziz Berghout Kulliyyah of Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1601

Keywords:

crowd management, Hajj pilgrimage, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The Hajj pilgrimage, the world's largest annual mass gathering, poses significant challenges in crowd management and pedestrian movement due to the sheer number of participants and logistical complexities. This study emphasizes the need for effective strategies to ensure the safety of millions of pilgrims in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. By reviewing literature and analysing pedestrian movement systems, it identifies key bottlenecks and safety risks, especially during high-density periods like Nafra day. Field observations from 2019 to 2024, including the post-COVID-19 era, offer insights into crowd behaviour and the effectiveness of management strategies. The study highlights the importance of integrating advanced simulation tools with urban design to optimize pedestrian pathways and prevent overcrowding, contributing to Saudi Vision 2030's goals of enhancing the pilgrimage experience and ensuring participant safety.

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Published

2024-10-01

How to Cite

Kadi, S., Abdullah, A., Bachok, S., Baydoun, Z., & Berghout, A. (2024). ANALYSIS OF THE CROWD MANAGEMENT AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT DURING HAJJ PILGRIMAGE ON MAKKAH. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 22(34). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1601

Issue

Vol. 22 (2024): PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL : Volume 22, Issue 5, 2024

Section

Article

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eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

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