URBAN PARK DESIGN FOR MENTAL HEALTH RESTORATION VIA DIFFERENT AGES IN MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1658Keywords:
Perceived Sensory Dimension, Mental health restoration, Park characteristic, Restorative environment, Urban ParkAbstract
Mental health is commonly faced by urban dwellers due to urbanisation. Nature is therapeutic, especially for urbanites, and can help with mental health issues. However, little is known about the park characteristics in the restorative setting that could restore mental health for different ages. In order to address these limitations, the purpose of this study is to examine the association between park characteristics and mental health restoration, as well as the age differences among urban park users. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyse the preference of park characteristics for mental health restoration that interact by age moderator by urban dwellers in the urban park. This study employed a mixed method study using a survey (n=382) and semi-structured interviews (n=40) within the two urban parks in Kuala Lumpur: Perdana Botanical Park and Titiwangsa Lake Park. The result showed that the prospects dimension is a significant indicator of mental health restoration. The survey data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM) and thematic analysis for semi-structured interviews. Nevertheless, this study contains certain constraints when the statistics exhibited age bias due to the higher level of activity and responsiveness exhibited by young people towards this investigation. Notably, this finding can aid landscape architects and urban designers in enhancing the quality of life in urban areas and in planning park designs that cater to users' demands.
Downloads
References
Abdul Aziz, N. A., Shian, L. Y., Mokhtar, M. D. M., Raman, T. L., Saikim, F. H., & Nordin, N. M. (2021). Effectiveness of urban green space on undergraduates’ stress relief in tropical city: A field experiment in Kuala Lumpur. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 63, 127236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127236
Ashish Sharma, Vishal Madaan, & Frederick D. Petty. (2006). Exercise for Mental Health (p. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2006; 8(2) :). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v08n0208a
Berger, R., & McLeod, J. (2006). Incorporating Nature into Therapy: A Framework for Practice. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 25(2), 80–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2006.25.2.80
Berto, R. (2007). Assessing the restorative value of the environment: A study on the elderly in comparison with young adults and adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 42(5), 331–341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590601000590
Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
Coventry, P. A., Neale, C., Dyke, A., Pateman, R., & Cinderby, S. (2019). The mental health benefits of purposeful activities in public green spaces in urban and semi-urban neighbourhoods: A mixed-methods pilot and proof of concept study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152712
Dahlgren, A. (2006). Work stress and overtime work: Effects on cortisol, sleep, sleepiness and health. 1–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e529872013-001
Du, Y., Zou, Z., He, Y., Zhou, Y., & Luo, S. (2022). Beyond Blue and Green Spaces: Identifying and Characterizing Restorative Environments on Sichuan Technology and Business University Campus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013500
Grahn, P., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2010). The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(3), 264–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.012
Grazuleviciene, R., Vencloviene, J., Kubilius, R., Grizas, V., Danileviciute, A., Dedele, A., Andrusaityte, S., Vitkauskiene, A., Steponaviciute, R., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2016). Tracking Restoration of Park and Urban Street Settings in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 13(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060550
Hadavi, S., Kaplan, R., & Hunter, M. C. R. (2015). Environmental affordances: A practical approach for design of nearby outdoor settings in urban residential areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 19–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.001
Han, K. T. (2003). A reliable and valid self-rating measure of the restorative quality of natural environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 64(4), 209–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00241-4
Hashim NI, Yusof NHS, Anuar ANA, S. F. (2019). The Restorative Environment Offered by Pocket Park at Laman Standard Chartered Kuala Lumpur. 8(1), 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35248/2169-0286.19.8.194
Institute for Public Health. (2015). National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors & Other Health Problems. In Ministry of health: Vol. II.
Kader Maideen, S. F., Mohd Sidik, S., Rampal, L., & Mukhtar, F. (2014). Prevalence, associated factors and predictors of depression among adults in the community of Selangor, Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 9(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095395
Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2
Kim, D., & Jin, J. (2018). Landscape and Urban Planning Does happiness data say urban parks are worth it ? Landscape and Urban Planning, 178(October 2017), 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.010
Lederbogen, F., Kirsch, P., Haddad, L., Streit, F., Tost, H., Schuch, P., Wüst, S., Pruessner, J. C., Rietschel, M., Deuschle, M., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2011). City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans. Nature, 474(7352), 498–501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10190
Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I., Ahmad Yusof, H., Mohd Shariff, N., Hami, R., Nisman, N. F., & Law, K. S. (2021). Depression and anxiety in the Malaysian urban population and their association with demographic characteristics, quality of life, and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Psychology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01492-2
Li, D., Zhai, Y., Xiao, Y., Newman, G., & De Wang. (2019). Subtypes of park use and self-reported psychological benefits among older adults: A multilevel latent class analysis approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 190(June), 103605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103605
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Jiang, B., Li, H., & Zhao, B. (2023). Do All Types of Restorative Environments in the Urban Park Provide the Same Level of Benefits for Young Adults? A Field Experiment in Nanjing, China. Forests, 14(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f14071400
Mak, B. K. L., & Jim, C. Y. (2019). Linking park users’ socio-demographic characteristics and visit-related preferences to improve urban parks. Cities, 92(March), 97–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.03.008
Malaysian Healthcare Performance Unit. (2017). Malaysian Mental Healthcare Performance: Technical report 2016. Ministry of Health Malaysia: Putrajaya., 1-67.
National Landscape Guidebook Handbook 2 (2008)
Malek, N. A., & Nashar, A. (2018). Use pattern and activities: The evaluation of Malaysian green open space design. Planning Malaysia, 16(3), 121–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pmjournal.v16.i7.505
Malekinezhad, F., Courtney, P., bin Lamit, H., & Vigani, M. (2020). Investigating the Mental Health Impacts of University Campus Green Space Through Perceived Sensory Dimensions and the Mediation Effects of Perceived Restorativeness on Restoration Experience. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(December). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.578241
Mallow, M. S. (2016). Occupational Stress in Malaysia: Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions. Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2016 3rd International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities.
Maryanti, M. R., Khadijah, H., Uzair, A. M., & Ghazali, M. A. R. M. M. (2016). The urban green space provision using the standards approach: issues and challenges of its implementation in Malaysia. Sustainable Development and Planning VIII, 1, 369–379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP160311
Memari, S., Pazhouhanfar, M., & Nourtaghani, A. (2017). Relationship between perceived sensory dimensions and stress restoration in care settings. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 26(September 2016), 104–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.06.003
Mokhtar, D., Abdul Aziz, N. A., & Mariapan, M. (2018). Physiological and psychological health benefits of urban green space in Kuala Lumpur: A comparison between Taman Botani Perdana and Jalan Bukit Bintang. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(3), 2101–2114.
Nejade, R. M., Grace, D., & Bowman, L. R. (2022). What is the impact of nature on human health? A scoping review of the literature. Journal of Global Health, 12, 04099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04099
Nor Akmar, A. A., & Aziz, N. A. A. (2012). Green space use and management in Malaysia. In Forest & Landscape Research (Issue 51).
Pálsdóttir, A. M., Stigsdotter, U. K., Persson, D., Thorpert, P., & Grahn, P. (2018). The qualities of natural environments that support the rehabilitation process of individuals with stress-related mental disorder in nature-based rehabilitation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29(December 2017), 312–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.016
Peschardt, K. K. (2014). Health Promoting Pocket Parks in a Landscape Architectural Perspective.
Peschardt, K. K., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2013). Associations between park characteristics and perceived restorativeness of small public urban green spaces. Landscape and Urban Planning, 112(1), 26–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.013
Raman, T. L., Aziz, N. A. A., & Yaakob, S. S. N. (2021). The effects of different natural environment influences on health and psychological well-being of people: A case study in selangor. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158597
Subramaniam, S. (2016). National Health and morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015.
Tan, K. L., & Yadav, H. (2013). Depression among the urban poor in Peninsular Malaysia: A community based cross-sectional study. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(1), 121–127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311433908
Twedt, E., Rainey, R. M., & Proffitt, D. R. (2019). Beyond nature: The roles of visual appeal and individual differences in perceived restorative potential. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 65(June), 101322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101322
Velarde, M. D., Fry, G., & Tveit, M. (2007). Health effects of viewing landscapes - Landscape types in environmental psychology. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 6(4), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.07.001
Villagra-Islas, P., & Alves, S. (2016). Open space and their attributes, uses and restorative qualities in an earthquake emergency scenario: The case of Concepción, Chile. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 19, 56–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.06.017
Wang, X., Rodiek, S., Wu, C., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2016). Stress recovery and restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai, China. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 15, 112–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.12.003
White, M. P., Pahl, S., Ashbullby, K., Herbert, S., & Depledge, M. H. (2013). Feelings of restoration from recent nature visits. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 40–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.04.002
Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020b). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 277, pp. 55–64). Elsevier B.V. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
Zainol, R., & Au-Yong, C. P. (2016). What brings youth to recreational parks? Planning Malaysia, 14, 67–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v14i5.184
Zuniga-Teran, A. A., Stoker, P., Gimblett, R. H., Orr, B. J., Marsh, S. E., Guertin, D. P., & Chalfoun, N. V. (2019). Exploring the influence of neighborhood walkability on the frequency of use of greenspace. Landscape and Urban Planning, 190(June), 103609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103609
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
