EXAMINING MALAYSIA'S LOW-INCOME HOUSING ENVIRONMENT: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE LOW-INCOME HOUSING ENVIRONMENT'S IMPACT ON RESIDENTS' ATTITUDES AND QUALITY OF LIFE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v23i35.1661Keywords:
PPR Environment, B40, Attitude and Quality of LifeAbstract
In Malaysia, the burgeoning population has increased the demand for affordable housing, leading to the establishment of Low-Income Housing Programs (PPR) to assist the B40 income group. Despite the noble intentions, PPR communities face challenges, especially with residents' behaviours such as improper waste disposal, which exacerbate cleanliness and safety issues. These behaviours negatively affect living conditions and contribute to an increase in crime rates within these areas. Numerous studies have investigated how the PPR environment impacts residents' quality of life, highlighting the prevalence of detrimental living conditions. Although extensive research has been conducted on the structural and operational aspects of PPR housing, more studies are needed to explore the direct impact of residents' attitudes on their quality of life. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the intermediary role of residents' attitudes towards their environment and its subsequent effect on their quality of life. Utilizing data from a survey conducted in five states with PPR residents and employing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, the study found significant correlations between the PPR environment, residents' attitudes, and their quality of life, underscoring the crucial role of attitude in shaping the living experiences of PPR inhabitants.
Downloads
References
Ali, M. (2018). Interpreting the meaning of housing quality towards creating better residential environment. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 3(8), 141—154. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1414
Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 514–538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2016-0568
Alias, Z., Mohan, N.M.M., Ghani, M.R.A., & Saad, M. (2023). Crime prevention through environmental design for low-income residents (B40) in Sabah, Malaysia. Nakhara Journal of Environmental Design and Planning, 22(3), 318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54028/NJ202322318
Arabi, M., Naseri, T. S., & Jahdi, R. (2020). Use all generation of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) for design urban historical fabric (Case study: The central area of Tehran metropolis, Eastern Oudlajan). Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 11(2), 519—533. https://doi.org/l O. 1016/j.asej.2019.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.11.003
Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to casual modeling: personal computer adoption ans use as an Illustration.
Chen, Y., Dang, Y., & Dong, G. (2020). An investigation of migrants' residential satisfaction in Beijing. Urban Studies, 57(3), 563—582. https://doi.org/l O. 1177/0042098019836918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019836918
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
Cozens, P., & Sun, M. Y. (2019). Exploring crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and students’ fear of crime at an Australian university campus using prospect and refuge theory. Property Management, 37(2), 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-04-2018-0023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-04-2018-0023
Department of Statistics. (2016). Household income and expenditure survey (HIES). http://www.dosm.gov.my
Dzulkifly, D. (2019, September 29). Police to be stationed at PPR units in KL in bid to combat crime. Malay Mail. https://shorturl.at/gjp56
Dimuna, K., & Olotuah, A. (2020). Analysis of Residents’ Satisfaction Levels with Housing and Residential Environment of Six Occupied Housing Estates in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0016.Eagly DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0016
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Ezeanya, A. C. (2020). Malaysian housing policy: Prospects and obstacles of National Vision 2020. International Conference on Adequate & Affordable Housing for All, 12(1 ), 39—47.
Firdaus, C. S., Ramly, H., & Ely Rouzee, J. (2016). Users' perception of public low income housing management in Kuala Lumpur. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 234, 326-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.249
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., & Boudreau, M.-C. (2000). Structural Equation Modeling Techniques and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice (No. 4; pp. 1–70). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.00407
Ghezelseflou, S., & Emami, A. (2023). Low-income households’ responses to residential dissatisfaction: A phenomenological approach. Housing Studies, 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2190957
González, E., Requena, C., & Álvarez-Merino, P. (2020). Single Time-Point Study of the Home Environment and Functionality of Older Adults in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22) Pg 1-12 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228317
Gou, Z., Xie, X., Lu, Y., & Khoshbakht, M. (2018). Quality of Life (QoL) Survey in Hong Kong: Understanding the importance of housing environment and needs of residents from different housing sectors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020219
Haque, A. B., Bhushan, B., & Dhiman, G. (2022). Conceptualizing smart city applications: Requirements, architecture, security issues, and emerging trends. Expert Systems, 39(5), Article e12753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12753
Hafidzi, N. A., Tarmidi, Z., Maimun, N. A., Hassan, N., Noor, N. M., Ariffin, A., & Norasma, C. Y. N. (2019). Assessing sustainability level from social aspects for affordable housing in Malaysia using spatial indicators. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 215-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-215-2019
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Houwer, J., Dessel, P., & Moran, T. (2021). Attitudes as propositional representations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25, 870-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.07.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.07.003
Idris K, Mohamed Shaffril HA, Md Yassin S, Abu Samah A, Hamzah A, Abu Samah B. Quality of Life in Rural Communities: Residents Living Near to Tembeling, Pahang and Muar Rivers, Malaysia. PLoS One. 11(3):e0150741. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150741
Ismail, F., Jabar, I. L., Janipha, N. A. I., & Razali, R. (2015). Measuring the Quality of Life in Low Cost Residential Environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168, 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.232
Kumar, Aishwariya Krishna, Xueh Wei Tan, and Uta Dietrich. PPR HICOM Profile of a Malaysian Public Housing Community. Think City Sdn Bhd, 2022.
Leung, M.-y., Liang, Q. and Pynoos, J. (2019), "The effect of facilities management of common areas on the environment domain of quality of life or older people in private buildings", Facilities, 37 No. 3/4, pp. 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-03-2017-0030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/F-03-2017-0030
Mahdzir, Mazura, Xi Yi Tan, Nik Fatma Arisya Nik Yahya, Sharifah Mazlina Syed Khuzzan, Nafisah Ya’cob, Noor Hidayah Sunarti, Zettypakir Mastan, and Nurulhuda Ahamad. “A Study on the Influences of Socio-Cultural Characteristics on Residents’ Satisfaction in Low-Cost Housing in Kuala Lumpur.” Journal of Sciences Vol. 05, no. No. (2) (October 10, 2022). https://doi.org/10.12944/CRJSSH.5.2.07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/CRJSSH.5.2.07
Marans, R. W. (2015). Quality of urban life & environmental sustainability studies: Future linkage opportunities. Habitat International, 45(1), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.019
Mazur, Łukasz, Anna Bać, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, Jan Winkler, Aleksandra Nowysz, and Eugeniusz Koda. 2022. “Evaluation of the Quality of the Housing Environment Using Multi-Criteria Analysis That Includes Energy Efficiency: A Review.” Energies 15 (20): 7750. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207750
Morkoc, K. D. , & Erdonmez, C. (2018).Yükseköéretim Öérencilerinin Yasarn Kalitesine Yönelik Algilan: Qanakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi Örneéi [Higher education student's perceptions towards the quality of life: The case of Comu], Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(32), 509— 532.
Muianga, Elisa Atália Daniel, Vanessa Gomes Da Silva, Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski, Daniel De Carvalho Moreira, Ariovaldo Denis Granja, Carolina A. Oliva, and Ruth Maurer Da Silva. 2021. “Critical Analysis of Housing Condition Impacts on Residents’ Well-Being and Social Costs.” Artigo 16, no. 4 (October 22): 33–66. https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v16i4.178511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/gtp.v16i4.178511
National Housing Department. (2022). Program perumahan rakyat dimiliki (PPR dimiliki) [People’s Housing Project]. https://teduh.kpkt.gov.my/scheme/ppr_dimiliki
Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L., & Cepeda, G. (2016). Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling: Helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1849–1864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-07-2015-0302
Olanrewaju, A., & Lee, H. J. A. (2022). Analysis of the poor-quality in building elements: Providers’ perspectives. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, 2(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/febe-10-2021-0048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/FEBE-10-2021-0048
Rather, G.M. (2022). Quality of Housing in Native Ethnic Tribes of Cold Desert Leh-Ladakh. Journal of Geographical Studies. 6 (1) pg 33-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.22060102
Riazi, M., & Emami, A. (2018). Residential satisfaction in affordable housing: A mixed method study. Cities, 82, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.04.013
Rigdon, E. E., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2017). On comparing results from CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: five perspectives and five recommendations. Marketing Zfp, 39(3), 4–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2017-3-4
Salleh, N. H., & Latiffi, A. A. (2021). Kajian Kepuasan Penduduk Terhadap Kualiti Perumahan Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR). Research in Management of Technology and Business, 2(2), 685–698. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rmtb/article/view/5002
Shrivastava, P., & Verma, A. (2021). Attitude of Panchayat Leaders towards Panchayati Raj Institutions as Influenced by their Socio Personal Characteristics. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130791
Srivastava, S., & Rojhe, K. (2021). Attitude Formation and Attitude Change. Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6960-3.ch001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6960-3.ch001
Streimikiene, D. (2015). Environmental indicators for the assessment of quality of life. Intellectual Economics, 9(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intele.2015.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intele.2015.10.001
Tay, J., Tung, S. E. H., Kaur, S., Gan, W. Y., Che’ya, N. N., & Tan, C. H. (2023). Seasonal variation in food security, lifestyle, nutritional status and its associated factors of the urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Research protocol of a prospective cohort study. BMC Nutrition, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00680-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00680-6
Tvaronaviciene, M. , Mazur, N. , Mishchuk, H., & Bilan, Y. (2022). Quality of life of the youth: Assessment methodology development and empirical study in human capital management. Economic Research, 35(1), 1088— 1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1956361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1956361
Zapata-Lamana, R., Poblete-Valderrama, F., Ledezma-Dames, A., Pavón-León, P., Leiva, A., Fuentes-Alvarez, M., Cigarroa, I., & Parra-Rizo, M. (2022). Health, Functional Ability, and Environmental Quality as Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Physically Active Older Adults. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060265
Vaishar, A., Vidovičová, L., & Figueiredo, E. (2018). Quality of rural life: Editorial. European Countryside, 10(2), 180-190. https://doi. org/10.2478/euco-2018-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0011
Wimalasena, N. N. , Chang-Richards, A., Wang, K. l. K. , & Dirks, K. (2022). Housing quality indicators: A systematic review. World Construction Symposium, 4(3), 531—544. https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.43
Zanna, M. P., & Rempel, J. K. (2008). Attitudes: A new look at an old concept. In R. H. Fazio & R. E. Petty (Eds.), Attitudes: Their structure, function, and consequences (pp. 7–15). Psychology Press.
Zumaya, J. Q., & Motlak, J. B. (2021). Sustainable housing indicators and improving the quality of life: The case of two residential areas in Baghdad City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 754(1), 012—032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/754/1/012002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
