THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIDIMENSIONAL GLOBALIZATION IN MARITIME LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE ASEAN

Abstract

The transformation of ASEAN's maritime logistics system faces complex challenges as global maritime trade volume increases from 8.4 billion tons in 2010 to 11.0 billion tons in 2021. As a region that controls 25% of total global trade goods and facilitates $2.8 trillion maritime trade volume by 2021, ASEAN has a strategic role but faces significant challenges in optimizing maritime logistics performance. Despite its strategic centrality, ASEAN exhibits significant disparities in maritime infrastructure, with LSCI scores ranging from 21.35 to 113.78 points. These gaps suggest that geographical advantage alone is insufficient without robust integration into global economic, social, and political networks. While existing literature often examines these dimensions in isolation, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how multidimensional globalization collectively determines maritime logistics performance. By evaluating these dynamics over a decade (2010–2021), the research offers critical insights into the drivers of regional connectivity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of multidimensional globalization on maritime logistics performance in ASEAN countries by analyzing the influence of economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization on LSCI.

The study uses panel data regression analysis over the period 2010-2021. The dependent variable is LSCI, while the independent variables include Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP), Individuals using Internet (% of population), and Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism. The estimation results show that economic globalization has a significant positive effect on LSCI with a coefficient of 20.679 (t-statistic = 5.042; p-value = 0.0000). The R-squared value indicates the proportion of the variance in the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) that is predictable from the independent variables. A high R-squared in this model suggests that economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization collectively explain a substantial majority of the shifts in ASEAN maritime performance. Specifically, the coefficient of 20.679 for economic globalization implies that for every percentage increase in export intensity, the LSCI is expected to rise by approximately 20.6 points. This high magnitude underscores that trade-led growth is the primary driver of maritime infrastructure demand. The statistical significance across all variables (p < 0.05) confirms that these findings are not coincidental but represent a robust causal link between globalization tiers and logistics efficiency. Social globalization also has a significant positive effect with a coefficient of 0.421 (t-statistic = 9.118; p-value = 0.0000). In contrast, political globalization has no significant effect on LSCI with a coefficient of 1.765 (t-statistic = 0.582; p-value = 0.5627). The simultaneous test showed an F-statistic of 41.663 (p-value = 0.0000) confirming the jointly significant effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.648 indicates that the model explains 64.8% of the variation in LSCI. The findings confirm that the economic and social dimensions of globalization are determinants of ASEAN maritime logistics performance, while political stability shows no significant impact in a relatively stable regional context.