COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN MELAKA UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE AREA: A SUCCESS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTOR?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v15i1.225Keywords:
Tourists expenditure, food and beverage, Melaka UNESCO World Heritage areaAbstract
Community-based Tourism (CBT) is a tool for local economic development due to its capability and strength to provide economic sources to the resident destination. Given its focus on benefiting the local community, CBT has attracted a significant degree of academic attention. However, to date, there has been little discussion and evidence based on comprehensive studies on local economicbenefits with regards to tourism activities in Malaysia as compared to other regions. This study examined tourists’ expenditure on food and beverage, and its contribution to the local economic in Melaka UNESCO World Heritage area. A total of 1,000 diary record survey were collected. Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to model interaction of domestic and international tourists. The results revealed 22.1% of the tourists spent between RM16.00-RM147.50 per trip for breakfast, lunch and dinner. However, only 9% (breakfast), 34% (lunch) and 43% (dinner) were channelled to local economy
Downloads
References
Aas, C., Ladkin, A., & Fletcher, J. (2005). Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 28-48.
Albright, C. L., & Flora, J. A. (1990). Restaurant menu labeling: Impact of nutrition information on entree sales and patron attitudes. Health Education, 17(2), 157-167.
Amat Ramsa Yaman, & Abdullah Mohd. (2004). Community-based ecotourism: A new proposition for sustainable development and environmental conservation in Malaysia. Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(4), 583-589.
Ashley, C. (2000). The impacts of tourism on rural livelihoods: Experience in Namibia. ODI Working Paper 128, London: Overseas Development Institute.
Assaker, G., & Hallak, R. (2012). European travelers' return likehood and satisfaction with Mediterranean sun-and-sand destinations: a chi-square automatic identification detector based segmentation approach. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(2), 105-120.
Baker, G. A., & Crosbie, P. J. (1993). Measuring food safety preference: Identifying consumer segments. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 18(2), 2835.
Beeton, S. (2006). Community Development through Tourism. Melbourne: Landlinks.
Bellamy, J., Meppem, T., Gorddard, R., & Dawson, S. (2003). The changing face of regional governance for economic development: implications for local government. Sustaining Regions, 2(3), 7-17.
Bowitz, E., & Ibenholt, K. (2009). Economic impacts of cultural heritage research and perspectives. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 10, 1-8.
Boxkir, A. S., & Sezer, E, A. (2011). Predicting food demand in food courts by decision tree approaches. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 759-763.
Brandon, K. (1996). Ecotourism and conservation: A review of key issues. Washington: World Bank.
Chang, R. C. Y., Kivela, J., & Mak, A. H. N. (2011). Attributes that influence the evaluation of travel dining experience: when east meets west. Tourism Management, 32 (2), 307-316.
Cohen, E., & Avieli, N. (2004). Food in tourism: Attraction and impediment. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (4), 755-778.
Crompton, J. L., Lee, S., & Shuster, T. J. (2001). A guide for undertaking economic impact studies: The springfest example. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 79-87.
Daniels, M. J., Norman, W. C., & Henry, M. S. (2004). Estimating income effects of a sport tourism event. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (1), 180-99.
Davis, J. S., & Morais, D. B. (2004). Factions and enclaves: Small towns and socially unsustainable tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), 3-10.
Eibel, B., Kersh, R., Brescoll, V., & Dixon, B. (2009). Calorie labeling and food choices: A first look at the effects on low-income people in New York City. Health Affairs. 28(6), 1110-1121.
Fauziah Che Leh & Mohd Rezuan Hamzah. (2012). Homestay tourism and pro-poor tourism strategy in Banghuris Selangor, Malaysia. Elixir International Journal, 45, 7602-7610.
Gacto, M. J., Alcala, R., & Herrera, F. (2010). Integration of an index to preserve the semantic interpretability in the multiobjective evolutionary rule selection and tuning of linguistic fuzzy systems. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 18(3), 515-531.
Godfrey, K., & Clarke, J. (2000). The Tourism Development Handbook. Cassell, London.
Gunder, M. (2009). Imperatives of enjoyment: economic development under globalization. In J. E. Rowe (Ed.), Theories of local economic development: Linking theory to practice (pp. 285-300), Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Hollinshead, K. (2004). Symbolism in tourism: lessons from “Bali 2002â€: Lessons from Australia’s dead heart. Tourism Analysis, 8, 267-295.
Holloway, J. (2000). Tour. In J. Jafari (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of tourism (pp.582-583), London: Routledge.
Hyun, S. S., Kim, W., & Lee, M. J. (2011). The impact of advertising on patrons’ emotional responses, perceived value and behavioral intentions in the chain restaurant industry: The moderating role of advertising-induced arousal. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 689-700.
Jones, S. (2005). Community-based ecotourism: The significance of social capital. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (2), 303-24.
Kasimati, E. (2003). Economic aspects and the summer Olympics: A review of related research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5, 433-444.
Khan, M. A. (1981). Evaluation of food selection patterns and preferences. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15, 129-153.
Kim, Y. G., Eves, A., & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 423-431.
Kivela, J., & Crotts, J.C. (2006). Tourism and gastronomy: Gastronomy’s influence on how tourists experience a destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 30 (3), 354-377.
Kling, J. M., & Posner, P. S. (1990). Class and community in an era of urban transformation. In J. M. Kling & P. S. Posner (Eds.). Dilemmas of activism: Class, community, and the politics of local mobilization (pp. 23-45). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Koo, J. (2005). Technology spillovers, agglomeration, and regional economic development. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(2), 99-115.
Lee, T. H. (2012). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37-46.
Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28(3), 876-885.
Li, G., Song, H., & Witt, S. F. (2005). Recent developments in econometric modeling and forecasting. Journal of Travel Research, 44(1), 82-99.
Long, L. M. (2004). Culinary Tourism. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
Madrigal, R. (1995). Residents’ perceptions and the role of government. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 86-102.
Mayer, L. C., Burnett, J. H., Ogden, S., & Tuman, J. P. (2000). Comparative politics: Nations and theories in a changing world. New Jersey: Prentice.
McCall, M., & Lynn, A. (2008). The effects of restaurant menu item descriptions on perceptions of quality, price ad purchase intention. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 11(4), 439-445.
McCool, S. F., Moisey, R. N., & Nickerson, N. P. (2001). What should tourism sustain? The disconnect with industry perceptions of useful indicators. Journal of Travel Research, 40(4), 124-131.
McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology. 14, 6-23.
Mihalic, T. (2002). Tourism and economic development issues. In R. Sharpley & D. J. Telfer (Eds.), Tourism and development: Concepts and issues (pp. 81-111). Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.
Mok, C., & Iverson, T. J. (2000). Expenditure based segmentation: Taiwanese tourists to Guam. Tourism Management, 21(3), 299-305.
Nel, E. (2001). Local economic development: A review and assessment of its current status in South Africa. Urban Studies, 38(7), 1003-1024.
Nield, K., Kozak, M., & LeGrys, G., (2000). The role of food service in tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19, 375-384.
Nurbaidura Salim, Abdul Ghapar Othman, Badaruddin Mohamed, & Hairul Nizam Ismail. (2012). Heritage awareness among tour operators in heritage sites: A case study of rickshaw pullers in Melaka. Paper presented at 3rd International Conference on Business and Economic Research, March 12-13, Bandung, Indonesia.
Pearce, P. L., & Moscardo, G. (1999). Tourism community analysis: Asking the right questions. In D. G. Pearce & R. W. Butler (Eds.). Contemporary issues in tourism development (pp. 31-51). London and New York: Routledge.
Pike, A., Rodriguez, P. A., & Tomaney, J. (2006). Local and Regional Development. New York: Routledge.
Potter, J., Walsh, J., De Varine, H., & Barreiro, F. (1999). Best practices in local development. Local Employment and Economic Development Programme, OECD-TDS, Paris.
Quan, S., & Wang, N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: An illustration from food experience in tourism. Tourism Management, 25 (3), 297305.
Roe, D., Ashley, C., Page, S., & Meyer, D. (2004). Tourism and the poor: Analysing and interpreting tourism statistics from a poverty perspectives (Working paper No. 16). London: UK Department for International Development. .
Rowe, J. E. (2009). Moving the theory of local economic development beyond metaphors. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 15(1), 101-114.
Rowe, J. E. (2012). The case for employing Deleuzian philosophical concepts for understanding local economic development. Applied Geography, 32, 73-79.
Scott, A. J. (2006). Creative cities: Conceptual issues and policy questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(1), 1-17.
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31, 136-146.
Shaffer, R., Deller, S., & Marcouiller, D. (2006). Rethinking community economic development. Economic Development Quarterly, 20(1), 59-74.
Sheldon, P., & Fox, M. (1988). The role of foodservice in vacation choice and experience: A cross-cultural analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 27 (3), 9-15.
Song, H., & Li, G. (2008). Tourism demand modelling and forecasting: A review of recent research. Tourism Management, 29(2), 203-220.
Stout, P. A., & Rust, R. T. (1993). Emotional feelings and evaluative dimensions of advertising: Are they related? Journal of Advertising, 22(1), 61-72.
Sutawa, G. K. (2012). Issues on Bali tourism development and community empowerment to support sustainable tourism development. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 413-422.
Torres, R. (2002). Toward a better understanding of tourism and agriculture linkages in the Yucatan: Tourist food consumption and preferences. Tourism Geographies, 4 (3), 282-306.
Tosun, C. (2000). Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21, 613-633.
Trejos, B., & Chiang, L. H. N. (2009). Local economic linkages to community-based tourism in rural Costa Rica. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 30, 373387.
Tyrrell, T. J., & Johnston, R. J. (2001). A framework for assessing direct economic impacts of tourist events: Distinguishing origins, destinations, and causes of expenditures. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 94-100.
Valler, D., & Wood, A. (2010). Conceptualizing local and regional economic development in the USA. Regional Studies, 44(2), 138-151.
Van Middlekoop, M., Borgers, A., & Timmermans, H. (2003). Inducing heuristic principles of tourist choice of travel mode: A rule based approach. Journal of Travel Research, 42(1), 75-83.
Wang, Y., Rompf, P., Severt, D., & Peerapatdit, N. (2006). Examining and identifying the determinants of travel expenditure patterns. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(5), 333-346.
Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. J. (2007). Twenty years on the state of contemporary ecotourism research. Tourism Management, 28, 1168-1179.
Wells, M. P. (1996). The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa. Environment Conservation, 23(4), 322-331.
Williams, J., & Lawson, R. (2001). Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 269-290.
Zaaijer, M., & Sara, L. M. (1993). Local economic development as an instrument for urban poverty alleviation: A case from Lima, Peru. Third World Planning Review, 15, 127-142.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.