CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN RELATION TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER (LULC) CHANGES IN KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i29.1352Keywords:
Change detection, Geospatial analysis, Land change, Supervised classificationAbstract
The process of rapid urbanization has significantly altered natural landscapes and contributed to climate variability. Due to urbanization, land surface characteristics are changing, resulting in a changing thermal climate making cities warmer than surrounding rural areas. The study utilized remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies to analyze the connection between land use and land cover (LULC) change and climatic variability in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The outcome showed that the greatest LULC change resulted from converting vegetation and bare land into built-up areas, with 25.46% and 10.17% respectively. This represents the rapid expansion of urban land caused by population growth. LST increment averaged 3.65°C in the last decade due to this massive increase in built-up areas. A linear regression analysis between LST and LULC indices, NDBI and NDVI shows that they are positively correlated. By understanding these two variables, land use planning could be further improved, hence, reducing the city's vulnerability towards climate variability.
Downloads
References
Alzubade, M., Ozcan, O., Musaoglu, N., & Türkeş, M. (2021). Observed impacts of climate variability on LULC in the Mesopotamia region. Computers, Materials & Continua, 67(2), 2255–2269. doi:10.32604/cmc.2021.013565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.013565
Anderson, J. R., Hardy, E. E., Roach, J. T., & Witmer, R. E. (1976). A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. Professional Paper. doi:10.3133/pp964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/pp964
Aslanov, I., Mukhtorov, U., Mahsudov, R., Makhmudova, U., Alimova, S., Djurayeva, L., & Ibragimov, O. (2021). Applying remote sensing techniques to monitor green areas in Tashkent Uzbekistan. E3S Web of Conferences, 258, 04012. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125804012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125804012
Faizalhakim, A. S., Nurhidayu, S., Norizah, K., Shamsuddin, I., Hakeem, K. R., & Adnan, I. (2017). Climate variability in relation with land use changes over a 30-year period in Kelantan River Basin. Malaysian Forester, 80(1), 12–30.
Gessesse, A. A., & Melesse, A. M. (2019). Temporal relationships between time series CHIRPS-rainfall estimation and eMODIS-NDVI satellite images in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. In A. M. Melesse, W. Abtew, & G. Senay (Eds.), Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability (pp. 81–92). Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815998-9.00008-7
How Jin Aik, D., Ismail, M. H., & Muharam, F. M. (2020). Land use/land cover changes and the relationship with land surface temperature using Landsat and MODIS imageries in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Land, 9(10), 372. doi:10.3390/land9100372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land9100372
Ibrahim, M. H. (2020). Impact of urbanization on the formation of urban heat island in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, spl9(1). doi: 10.26782/jmcms.spl.9/2020.09.00007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.9/2020.09.00007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014). Climate change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution To The Fifth Assessment Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324
Kamal, N. I. A., Ashaari, Z. H., & Abdullah, A. M. (2019). Spatio-temporal Variability of Heat Exposure in Peninsular Malaysia using Land Surface Temperature. Disaster Advances, 12(12), 1–9.
Khan, M. M. A., Shaari, N., Nahar, A., Baten, M. A., & Nazaruddin, D. A. (2014). Flood impact assessment in Kota Bharu, Malaysia: A statistical analysis.
Kwan, M. S., Tangang, F. T., & Juneng, L. (2013). Projected Changes of Future Climate Extremes in Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 42(8), 1051–1058.
Latif, Z. A., & Kamsan, M. E. S. (2018). Assessing the relationship of land use land cover on surface temperature in city of Shah Alam, Malaysia using landsat-8 oli. Revue Des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquees, 9(5S), 514. doi:10.4314/jfas.v9i5s.36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i5s.36
Mahamud, M. A., Samat, N., Tan, M. L., Chan, N. W., & Tew, Y. L. (2019). Prediction of future land use land cover changes of Kelantan, Malaysia. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-4/W16, 379–384. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-379-2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-379-2019
Md Saad, M. H., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Abd Wahab, N., Ata, F. M., Abu Samah, M. A., … Manoktong, S. N. (2023). Analysis of the flash flood event and rainfall distribution pattern on Relau River basin development, Penang, Malaysia. PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL, 21. doi:10.21837/pm.v21i25.1224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1224
Moomaw, W. R., Chmura, G. L., Davies, G. T., Finlayson, C. M., Middleton, B. A., Natali, S. M., … Sutton-Grier, A. E. (2018). Wetlands in a changing climate: Science, policy and management. Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.), 38(2), 183–205. doi:10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1023-8
Mudelsee, M. (2019). Trend analysis of climate time series: A review of methods. Earth-Science Reviews, 190, 310–322. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.12.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.12.005
Osunmadewa, B. A., Gebrehiwot, W. Z., Csaplovics, E., & Adeofun, O. C. (2018). Spatio-temporal monitoring of vegetation phenology in the dry sub-humid region of Nigeria using time series of AVHRR NDVI and TAMSAT datasets. Open Geosciences, 10(1), 1–11. doi:10.1515/geo-2018-0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0001
Patel, S., Joshi, J. P., & Bhatt, B. (2017). An assessment of spatio-temporal
variability of land surface temperature using MODIS data: A study of
Gujarat state, India. Geography Compass, 11(4), e12312. doi:10.1111/gec3.12312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12312
Rahman, H. A. (2018). Climate change scenarios in Malaysia: Engaging the public. International Journal of Malay-Nusantara Studies, 1(2), 55–77.
Rawat, J. S., Biswas, V., & Kumar, M. (2013). Changes in land use/cover using geospatial techniques: A case study of Ramnagar town area, district Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 16(1), 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002
Rouse, J. W., Jr, Haas, R. H., Schell, J. A., & Deering, D. W. (1974). Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS.
Saimi, F. M., Hamzah, F. M., Toriman, M. E., Jaafar, O., & Tajudin, H. (2020). Trend and linearity analysis of meteorological parameters in Peninsular Malaysia. Sustainability, 12(22), 9533. doi:10.3390/su12229533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229533
Tan, M. L., Ibrahim, A. L., Yusop, Z., Chua, V. P., & Chan, N. W. (2017). Climate change impacts under CMIP5 RCP scenarios on water resources of the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. Atmospheric Research, 189, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.01.008
Wan Ibrahim, W. Y., & Muhamad Ludin, A. N. (2016). Spatiotemporal land use and land cover change in major river basins in comprehensive development area. PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL, (4). doi:10.21837/pm.v14i4.160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v14i4.160
World Bank. (2020). Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided. Washington, DC: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics.
Xue, J., & Su, B. (2017). Significant remote sensing vegetation indices: A review of developments and applications. Journal of Sensors, 2017, 1–17. doi:10.1155/2017/1353691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1353691
Zha, Y., Gao, J., & Ni, S. (2003). Use of normalized difference built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from TM imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 583–594. doi:10.1080/01431160304987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160304987
Zhou, S., Zhang, W., & Guo, Y. (2019). Impacts of climate and land-use changes on the hydrological processes in the Amur River Basin. Water, 12(1), 76. doi:10.3390/w12010076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010076
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
