SPECTACLE OF CONSERVATION AND TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS: ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT, ISSUES AND TOURIST SATISFACTION

Authors

  • Normah Abdul Latip School of Housing Building and Planning UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
  • Mastura Jaafar School of Housing Building and Planning UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
  • Azizan Marzuki School of Housing Building and Planning UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
  • Kamand Mohammadzadeh Roufechaei School of Housing Building and Planning UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
  • Mohd Umzarulazijo Umar School of Housing Building and Planning UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v18i14.847

Keywords:

Conservation and park management, environmental issues, tourist satisfaction, Kinabalu National Park

Abstract

National parks serve as rural ecotourism attractions, even though this area is very fragile. Therefore, conservation management must be implemented to ensure the balance of the environment is maintained. This study aims to study the relationship between park management, issues and tourist satisfaction in a protected area, Kinabalu Park. Moreover, this study considers the mediating role of environmental issues on the relationship between park management and tourist satisfaction. Overall, 351 respondents agreed to participate. A questionnaire survey was administered to visitors of Malaysia’s Kinabalu National Park. In total, 351 completed questionnaires were returned and have been analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the resultant data using SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that park management has a strong effect on tourist satisfaction and environmental issues. The results also revealed that environmental issues play a mediating role in the relationship between park management and tourist satisfaction. The findings of this study make a significant contribution to our current understanding of the importance of park management, especially in the protected area as well as addressing the existing issues and provide positive satisfaction to tourists. Through the results, it will significantly contribute to the conservation and management of the protected area to be more sustainable in the future.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul Latip, N., Badarulzaman, N., Marzuki, A., & Umar, M. U. (2013). Sustainable Forest Management in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah: Issues and Current Practices. PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL, 11(3), 59-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21837/pmjournal.v11.i3.108

Andrea, V., Tampakis, S., Tsantopoulos, G., & Manolas, E. (2014). Environmental problems in protected areas: Stakeholders’ views with regard to two neighboring national parks in Greece. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 25(6), 723–737. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-01-2014-0006

Azam, M., Mahmudul Alam, M., & Haroon Hafeez, M. (2018). Effect of tourism on environmental pollution: Further evidence from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.168

Bajs, I. P. (2015). Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: the example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513158

Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00108-5

Banyai, M. (2012). Assessing visitors’ satisfaction at parks Canada sites (Doctoral thesis, University of Waterloo). Retrieved from https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/OWTU/TC-OWTU-6711.pdf

Benedetto, G., Carboni, D., & Corinto, G. L. (2016). Governance of sustainable tourism in a vast area surrounding a national park. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 32, 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.010

Bennett, N. J., & Dearden, P. (2014). Why local people do not support conservation: Community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand. Marine policy, 44, 107-116.

Blanke, J., & Chiesa, T. (Eds.). (2013). The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf

Buckley, R., Robinson, J., Carmody, J., & King, N. (2008). Monitoring for management of conservation and recreation in Australian protected areas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(14), 3589–3606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9448-7

Bulatovic, I., & Tripkovic-Markovic, A. (2015). Strategic management of tourism in the national parks: Case: National Park Skadar Lake. Turizam, 19(3), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.5937/Turizam1503127B

Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 655–690). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29

Connell, J., Page, S. J., & Bentley, T. (2009). Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act. Tourism Management, 30(6), 867–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.001

Correia, A., Kozak, M., & Ferradeira, J. (2013). From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0022

Dudley, N. (Ed.). (2008). Guidelines to Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Retrieved from https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PAG-021.pdf

Eagles, P. F. J. (2002). Trends in park tourism: economics, finance and management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(2), 132–153.

Eagles, P. F. J. (2014). Research priorities in park tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(4), 528–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.785554

Fennell, D., & Nowaczek, A. (2010). Moral and empirical dimensions of human–animal interactions in ecotourism: Deepening an otherwise shallow pool of debate. Journal of Ecotourism, 9(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724041003741519

Ferreira, S., & Harmse, A. (2014). Kruger National Park: Tourism development and issues around the management of large numbers of tourists. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.925907

Getzner, M., Vik, M. L., Brendehaug, E., & Lane, B. (2014). Governance and management strategies in national parks: Implications for sustainable regional development. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 6(1/2), 82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2014.057891

Gilmore, A., & Simmons, G. (2007). Integrating sustainable tourism and marketing management: Can National Parks provide the framework for strategic change? Strategic Change, 16(5), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.798

Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., & Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of Structural Equation Models Using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 691–711). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_30

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202

Henderson, A., & Fry, C. R. (2011). Better parks through law and policy: a legal analysis of authorities governing public parks and open spaces. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8(s1), S109–S115. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s109

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), Advances in International Marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277–319). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014

Huang, Y., Deng, J., Li, J., & Zhong, Y. (2008). Visitors’ attitudes towards China’s national forest park policy, roles and functions, and appropriate use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost720.0

Inglis, J., Pearlman, M., & Whitelaw, P. (2005). Best practice in strategic park management: Towards an integrated park management mode. Gold Coast, Australia: CRC for Sustainable Tourism.

Jaafar, M., Kayat, K., Tangit, T. M., & Yacob, M. F. (2013). Nature?based rural tourism and its economic benefits: A case study of Kinabalu National Park. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 5(4), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2013-0016

Jenkins, J., & Pigram, J. (2003). Outdoor recreation. In J. Jenkins & J. Pigram (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Leisure and Outdoor Recreation. London, England: Routledge.

Jimura, T. (2011). The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities – A case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management, 32(2), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.005

Johnston, R. J., & Tyrrell, T. J. (2007). Management exercises and trainer’s note in sustainable tourism and dynamics. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(4), 328–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180710824217

Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: A review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159719

Latip, N. A., Marzuki, A., Ahmad, A. G., Umar, M. U., & Rais, N. S. (2015). Ecological carrying capacity in the conservation of Mount Kinabalu: A Theoretical and Conceptual Framework. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(7), 354–357. http://www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2015/April/354-357.pdf

Latip, N. A., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Marzuki, A., & Umar, M. U. (2018). Indigenous residents’ perceptions towards tourism development: a case of Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Place Management and Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-09-2017-0086

Lee, C.-F. (2015). Tourist satisfaction with factory tour experience. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-02-2015-0005

Lillestol, T., Timothy, D. J., & Goodman, R. (2015). Competitive strategies in the US theme park industry: A popular media perspective. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-02-2015-0009

Nicholas, L. N., Thapa, B., & Ko, Y. J. (2009). Residents’ perspectives of a world heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.03.005

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Qian, C., Sasaki, N., Shivakoti, G., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Effective governance in tourism development – An analysis of local perception in the Huangshan mountain area. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.08.003

Rabbany, Md. G., Afrin, S., Rahman, A., Islam, F., & Hoque, F. (2013). Environmental effects of tourism. American Journal of Environment, Energy and Power Research, 1(7), 117–130.

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Dahalan, N., & Jaafar, M. (2016). Tourists’ perceived value and satisfaction in a community-based homestay in the Lenggong Valley World Heritage Site. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 26, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.01.005

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.08.001

Robaina-Alves, M., Moutinho, V., & Costa, R. (2016). Change in energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions in Portuguese tourism: A decomposition analysis from 2000 to 2008. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.023

Sangpikul, A. (2018). The effects of travel experience dimensions on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: The case of an island destination. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2017-0067

Shahbaz, M., Solarin, S. A., Sbia, R., & Bibi, S. (2015). Does energy intensity contribute to CO2 emissions? A trivariate analysis in selected African countries. Ecological Indicators, 50, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.007

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. https://doi.org/10.2307/270723

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Tay, K. X., Chan, J. K. L., Vogt, C. A., & Mohamed, B. (2016). Comprehending the responsible tourism practices through principles of sustainability: A case of Kinabalu Park. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.018

Tayet, P., Agamez, P. & Chaskel, R. (2016). Trastornos de ansiedad en lainfancia y la adolescencia. Curso continuo de actualización en pediatria CCAP. 15(1). 6-18. Recuperado de https://scp.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1.-Trastornosansiedad-1.pdf

Thomas, L., & Middleton, J. (2008). Guidelines for Management Planning of Protected Areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature: Gland, Switzerland.

Tubb, K. N. (2003). An evaluation of the effectiveness of interpretation within Dartmoor National Park in reaching the goals of sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 476–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667217

Weaver, D. (2000). Tourism and national parks in ecologically vulnerable areas. In R. Butler & S. W. Boyd (Eds.), Tourism and National Parks: Issues and Implications (pp. 107–124). Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons.

World Tourism Organization. (1992). Development of National Parks and Protected Areas for Tourism. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization.

Xu, F., & Fox, D. (2014). Modelling attitudes to nature, tourism and sustainable development in national parks: A survey of visitors in China and the UK. Tourism Management, 45, 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.005

Yousuf, T., & Ali, M. (2018). Tourist satisfaction, environmental concerns and tourism in and beyond Dal Lake, Kashmir. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 07(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000349

Zhong, L., Deng, J., Song, Z., & Ding, P. (2011). Research on environmental impacts of tourism in China: Progress and prospect. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(11), 2972–2983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.011

Downloads

Published

2020-11-25

How to Cite

Abdul Latip, N., Jaafar, M., Marzuki, A., Roufechaei, K. M., & Umar, M. U. (2020). SPECTACLE OF CONSERVATION AND TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS: ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT, ISSUES AND TOURIST SATISFACTION. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v18i14.847

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 > >>