FACTORS INFLUENCING PRE- AND POST-COVID-19 TRANSPORT MODE SHIFT IN WORKPLACE TRAVEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i29.1361Keywords:
Transport Mode Shift, Mode Choice, Modal Share, Modal Split, Covid-19Abstract
The current modal share between private and public transport in Malaysia still falls short of its 50:50 goal. The continued reliance on private transport for workplace travel faces further aggravation in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. Aiming to understand this concern, this study pursued two key objectives; (i) to explore shifts in transport mode choices before and after Covid-19; and (ii) to identify the significant factors influencing these shifts. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, focusing specifically on workplace commuting (n=113). The McNemar’s test was used to determine the significance of transport mode shifts from public to private transport and vice versa, while the Mann-Whitney U test was employed to determine the significance of various factors on these shifts. Four primary factors were examined: cost, accessibility, comfort, and hygiene concerns. The findings showed that (i) a discernible shift in transport modes occurred (Q= 38.72, p>.05), with a notable trend of individuals transitioning from public to private transport due to the Covid-19 pandemic; (ii) hygiene concerns (mean rank= 72.36, U= 807.0, p<.000) and comfort (mean rank= 64.73, U= 1188.5, p= .013) emerged as statistically significant influencers of this shift; and (iii) while cost (mean rank= 65.28, U= 1053.5, p= .001) is an important determinant of transport mode preferences, it was not found to be a significant factor driving mode shifts. A comprehensive examination of pandemic-induced transport mode preferences yields crucial insights for shaping transportation infrastructure and services, facilitating sustainable development in line with UN SDGs. Understanding these influences is vital for effective policy-making and achieving desired modal shares.
Downloads
References
Brussel, M., Zuidgeest, M., Pfeffer, K., & Van Maarseveen, M. (2019). Access or accessibility? A critique of the urban transport SDG indicator. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(2), 67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020067
Bursa Malaysia (2020). Malaysia’s Public Transportation Sector & Reviving Malaysia’s Infrastructure Privatisation. https://www.bursamalaysia.com/sites/5d809dcf39fba22790cad230/assets/5f17bd a439fba224819e094d/Session_1_IMKL2020_V2.pdf
Cheng, C. (2020). COVID-19 in Malaysia: Economic impacts & fiscal responses. Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia.
Deuskar, C., Baker, J. L., & Mason, D. (2015). East Asia's changing urban landscape: Measuring a decade of spatial growth. World Bank Publications.
Dulac, J. (2013). Global land transport infrastructure requirements. Paris: International Energy Agency, 20, 2014.
Ghazali, W. N. W. W., Ponrahono, Z., Bachok, S., Sharaai, A. H., Rabe, N. S., Shukri, N. S. M., & Sunoto, Y. N. (2021). Travel Mode Choice Intention in Reducing Traffic Congestion in Kajang, Selangor. Planning Malaysia, 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v19i18.1051
Hashim, N.H.N. (2021). A Framework for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (SUR) in Historical Inner Cities: The Case of KL Sentral. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
International Monetary Fund (2018). Malaysia: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Malaysia. Series: Country Report No. 2018/061. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2018/03/07/Malaysia-2018-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-45677
Ismail, N. A. F. B., Ismail, N. A. I. B., Faizal, N. I. F. B. M., Ijama, N. R. A. A. B., Suzeli, N. A. B., Ezam, N. A. B. A., ... & Krishnan, I. A. (2021). User Satisfaction of the Free Shuttle Bus Service in Petaling Jaya. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(11), 427-441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i11.1149
Lamanna, M., Klinger, C. A., Liu, A., & Mirza, R. M. (2020). The association between public transportation and social isolation in older adults: A scoping review of the literature. Canadian journal on aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 39(3), 393-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980819000345
Lim, N. H. H., Majid, M. R., Zainol, R., & Teh, B. T. (2022). Pathways of Neighbourhood Obesogenic Environment During Covid-19: Impacts and Way Forward. Planning Malaysia, 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i24.1210
Maia, A. G., Carvalho, C. S. D., Venâncio, L. C., & Dini, E. D. (2020). The Motives Behind Transport Mode Choice: A Study with University Students in Brazil. Ambiente & Sociedade, 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20170188r4vu2020l5ao
Martens, K. (2021). Equity considerations in transportation planning. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of transportation, 6, 154-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10634-7
Masoumi, H. E. (2019). A discrete choice analysis of transport mode choice causality and perceived barriers of sustainable mobility in the MENA region. Transport policy, 79, 37-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.005
Mayo, F. L., & Taboada, E. B. (2020). Ranking factors affecting public transport mode choice of commuters in an urban city of a developing country using analytic hierarchy process: The case of Metro Cebu, Philippines. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 4, 100078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2019.100078
Ministry of Transport, Malaysia. (2019). National Transport Policy 2019-2030. https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/10/national-transport-policy-2019-2030/
Outwater, M. L., Castleberry, S., Shiftan, Y., Ben-Akiva, M., Shuang Zhou, Y., & Kuppam, A. (2003). Attitudinal Market Segmentation Approach to Mode Choice and Ridership Forecasting: Structural Equation Modeling. Transportation Research Record, 1854(1), 32–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/1854-04
Purwoko, B. A., & Yola, L. (2022). Willingness to modal shift from private to public transportation in Jakarta metropolitan area. Planning Malaysia, 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i21.1089
Rankavat, S., Gurram, A. R., Pawar, D. S., & Kushwaha, V. (2023). Study of COVID-19 impact on users' perception for transport modes choice in India. Iatss Research, 47(1), 73-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.01.005
Shen, Q., Chen, P., & Pan, H. (2016). Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 94, 31-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.08.027
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision (ST/ESA/SER. A/420). New York: United Nations.
Vega-Gonzalo, M., Gomez, J., & Christidis, P. (2023). How has COVID-19 changed private car use in European urban areas? An analysis of the effect of socio-economic characteristics and mobility habits. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 172, 103679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103679
World Health Organisation Guidelines on Translation Instruments (2020). https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/publishing-policies/whoqol-100-guidelines/translation-methodology.pdf?sfvrsn=74cdb8f5_2
Yang, Y., Han, X., Jiang, R., Jia, B., & Gao, Z. Y. (2022). Competition and coordination in public transport: A mode choice experiment. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 143, 103858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103858
Zyed, Z. A. S., Wan Abd Aziz, W. N. A., Hanif, N. R., & Tedong, P. A. (2014). Affordable Housing Schemes: Overcoming Homeownership Problems. Open House International, 39(4), 5–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-04-2014-B0002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.