ASSESSING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERS’ INTENTION TO PAY PROPOSED CONGESTION FEES IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG: A THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v24i44.2277Keywords:
Congestion fee, Multiple Regression Analysis, Stratified Sampling, Theory of Planned BehaviourAbstract
Penang was identified as the most congested city in Malaysia in 2024, primarily due to the influx of tourists in George Town, which contributed to high greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the Penang State government proposed becoming the first state to implement a congestion fee. However, limited information was available regarding the stakeholders’ intentions towards congestion fees. Accordingly, the research aimed to determine the relationship between attitude, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), and intention to pay a congestion fee. Questionnaires were utilised to collect responses from 440 respondents through stratified sampling in George Town, involving residents of Penang and domestic tourists. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Attitude, SN, and PBC) had significant and positive relationships. These findings provided valuable insights for the State Government and the Traffic Enforcement and Investigation Department in designing effective congestion fee implementation strategies, which were aligned with the National Transport Policy 2021-2030 and SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).
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